Computer literacy, help and repair

Server setup with webmin. Correct installation of Webmin Ubuntu Server

For the first time in a long time I decided to install Webmin, I got used to just putty. I saw a new interface and not very crooked localization and decided to unsubscribe here.

This is an unforgettable graphic web interface to manage your linux server. That is, with its help, you can easily and with special knowledge remotely control a Linux server, now no longer in a disgusting interface through a web browser.

The possibilities are really impressive:

  • Full operating system management
  • visual monitoring all processes
  • user management and groups and their rights
  • Network configuration including the firewall
  • Management of all installed servers(Apache, IMAP/POP3)
  • Possibility Reserve copy , and a host of other features.

Installing Webmin on Ubuntu 16.04

We wait a few minutes and voila, you can open the panel at: https://IP:10000. As data for authorization, you can use login and password of any user systems, including root. Ignore the security warning, it is related to the self-signed certificate.

*Recently there was a problem on Amazon EC2 servers, to solve it, before opening the port, use the following command:

sudo apt-get --fix-broken install

Some other commands you may need:

#create webmin user sudo useradd -g sudo webmin #password sudo passwd webmin

Webmin language setting

The first thing you want to change is the language. In the webmin tab select " Change Language and Theme" (https://IP:10000/change-user/), there we poke " personal choice"and select Russian from the list and apply the changes. Also change the language in " Webmin Configuration"via button" language" (https://IP:10000/webmin/edit_lang.cgi).


Using Webmin

Webmin works in a modular fashion, that is, when you install which package it supports, the corresponding management module is activated. If the panel did not activate the module on its own, it can be helped by pressing the "Refresh Modules" button.

The previous article looked at using the graphical shell to optimize your Linux server experience. But what to do if its use for one reason or another is not advisable? Perform work in the console?

Fortunately for Linux, there is another alternative - the web interface.

The Webmin application was developed specifically for Linux administration. It is a simple web server and a set of Perl scripts that provide the functionality of the web interface.

Installationwebmin

Information about the repository for installing Webmin in the system is initially missing. Therefore, it must first be added.

To do this, open the /etc/apt/sources.list file and add the following line at the end:

deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib

Now you can run the Webmin installation with the command:

apt-get install webmin

apt-get install webmin

After installation, Webmin automatically starts. The login page is available at the server address on port 10000 ( server_address:10000)

Logging on to the system is done using the credentials of a local user that has administrative privileges.

Work withwebmin

After logging in, we get to the Webmin start page.

This page contains a summary of the system (Webmin version, processor type, memory used, disk space used, etc.) and the main menu (located on the left).

Webmin is quite complicated software with many modules and functions and, even with all the desire, working with it cannot be fully described in one article. Therefore, we will briefly dwell only on the main details.

The main menu consists of several sections:

  • webmin
    Settings directly Webmin;
  • System
    System information and system settings (user, processes, services, etc.);
  • Servers
    Management of installed servers (web servers, database servers, etc.)
  • Others
    Administration tools not included in other sections (file manager, console window, etc.);
  • networking
    Network settings;
  • Hardware
    Hardware management (system time, disk management, printer management, etc.);
  • Cluster
    Management of several servers united in a cluster. Webmin is installed on only one of them. Work with the rest is carried out using the RPC protocol;
  • Un-usedmodules
    Unused Webmin modules. Modules that have been installed, but the required components are missing on the server for them to work. If these components are subsequently installed to connect the necessary modules, you must update the modules (“Refresh Modules”);
  • Search
    Webmin internal search;
  • viewModule'sLogs
    Webmin module change logs;
  • Systeminformation
    Brief information about the system. It is the start page when logging in.
  • RefreshModules
    Webmin modules update. Changes will only take effect after logging out and logging back in;
  • logout
    Sign Out.

When opening the file manager, the root directory of the file system is displayed. With the help of hyperlinks, you can go to certain folders and open or download files to your computer.

The screenshot below shows the "Documents" directory in the home directory of one of the users.

This file manager allows you to perform only the simplest operations. Creating directories and text files, editing text files, creating archives, unpacking archives (if available, for example, unzip), uploading files from a computer to a server and vice versa.

Also worth noting is the ability to use the interface of the file manager to change the owners of files and folders and access rights to them.

This is especially true when you consider that files and folders are created with the default owner root:root and permissions of 755 and 644, respectively.

Of course, from a security point of view, you should not give full access to everyone. However, using the default owner can also cause various problems. For example, if the web server does not have write permissions, many web applications in the directory with the site may not work correctly or not work at all.

Therefore, the access strategy file system must be properly thought out.

Working with the console

To work with the console, use the "Text Login" page in the "Others" section.

The black field exactly mimics the operation of the Linux console. Therefore, if you need access to a regular console, Webmin provides this option as well.

Using the "Open in separate window ..." button, you can open the "console" in a separate browser window.

Work with

The module for working with Apache is available in the "Servers" section of the main menu via the "Apache Webserver" link.

On the start page of the module, you can see a list of all available virtual hosts.

Clicking on the icon next to the host name will open its settings page.

In fact, this is nothing more than a web interface for working with host configuration files. With it, you can configure all its parameters, including redirects (redirects), error tracking, resource limits (well known to users of shared hosting), etc.

Optionally, you can also edit the host configuration file manually ("Edit Directives").

The "Create virtual host" tab is used to create a new virtual host and contains the main settings.

After creating a virtual host, it will be displayed in the general list on the main page of the module and it will be possible to execute it more fine tuning.

The "Global configuration" tab contains general Apache settings.

In particular, you can edit configuration files server (“Edit Config Files”), change the name and group of the user that is used to run Apache (“User and Group”), enable or disable additional Apache modules (“Configure Apache Modules”).

Work with MySQL

The module for working with Apache is available in the "Servers" section of the main menu via the "MySQL Database Server" link.

The interface of the module is intuitive.

On the main page, you can configure general MySQL settings or create or delete a database.

When you click on the database icon, a page with a list of its elements will open.

The built-in visual editor allows you to create tables and views (view).

If necessary, you can also execute an arbitrary SQL query ("Execute SQL" button).

The query can be written manually, or can be loaded from a SQL script. This makes it easy to restore a database from a backup.

It also supports the ability to create backups.

The backup is stored in the SQL script, but the filename along with the extension must be specified explicitly.

In general, the module for working with MySQL is not much inferior to phpMyAdmin in terms of its capabilities. Therefore, working with Webmin in most cases, you can even abandon this application.

webmin

If necessary, Webmin can be easily Russified.

In order to change the interface language in Webmin, you need to follow the link "Change Language and Theme". Then set the "Webmin UI language" radio button to the "Personal choice" position and select the "Russian (RU.UTF-8)" item from the drop-down list.

After clicking the "Make changes" button, the changes will take effect, but they will be visually displayed only after a complete reload of the page.

It is also worth noting that not all components have support for the Russian language. At least the full one.

For example, the module for working with MySQL is only partially Russified.

Summary

The Webmin application not only allows you to perform general administration tasks for Linux servers, but can also replace a number of programs.

However, its functionality is significantly limited by the capabilities of those modules that are installed in the system.

In addition, Webmin is significantly inferior to conventional graphical shells, not only in terms of extensibility, but also in terms of functionality. After all, the web interface remains a web interface. But, if in the case of a graphical shell for remote administration, it is necessary to install an additional VNC or RDP server and the corresponding client on the administrator's computer, then Webmin does not require anything other than a browser.

Thanks to this, coupled with its functionality and ease of installation, the Webmin application has gained wide popularity.

Webmin is not an exclusive alternative to graphical shells and can even run in parallel with them. The choice of a specific environment for working with a server is more a matter of convenience and specific working circumstances.

Using the "Terminal" is not always convenient even for professionals. Therefore, graphical interfaces are increasingly used today - even for those tasks where the use text commands leads to faster results. A separate topic is the installation of Webmin Ubuntu - this is the ability to use a graphical web interface to manage the server.

Installing Webmin is required to work in graphical interfaces instead of a terminal.

Why is this so relevant? Among technical specialists, the speed of systems is highly valued. Working with solutions that would slow down the server is unacceptable. Especially if the available resources are not so great. That is why such complexes as Webmin are especially valued. Thanks to them, you can get access to server resources in any place where there is a computer, Internet access and a browser for work.

Webmin is a web interface that is designed to manage servers based on Unix-based systems. It is one of the simplest and most convenient solutions for solving problems of this kind. Here are its benefits:

  1. Helps save time on server management.
  2. Allows configure networks, as well as firewalls for them.
  3. Supports data backup.
  4. Allows you to fine-tune the OS.
  5. And it has many other useful features.

Technically, Webmin consists of a simple web server, as well as numerous scripts that make working with it flexible and fast. Files with program settings can be changed both manually and using the "Webmin Configuration" block - in the graphical interface.

If you want to install Webmin for Ubuntu for commercial use, you can do it for free. The program is distributed under the BSD license.

Let's move on to installation

First you need to make changes to the “sources.list” file:

"sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list"

Insert the following lines at the end of the file:

"deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib
deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib"

"wget ​​http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc
sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc"

Done? Now update the list of data sources to load:

"sudo apt-get update"

Now on Ubuntu Server, installing Webmin becomes a matter of two seconds. Run the command:

"sudo apt-get install webmin"

launch

To start Webmin, you need to enter in the address bar of the browser"https://(domain name or server IP):10000" It remains only to enter your login and password when entering the server. You need to do this with administrator rights. Everything!

Finally

It will be interesting to know how you can get convenient access using webmin in ubuntu server. The best tool for managing unix systems through a web interface.

Through webmin, you can not only conveniently view logs, make changes to the configuration of installed services, but also install packages, remove them, update the system, etc. Even get access to the terminal!

Webmin - is a ready-made web server with a whole bunch of scripts. All the delights of its use can be experienced after installation.

Installing webmin

First of all, you need to add the webmin repositories to the /etc/apt/sources.list file

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Add two lines to the very end of the file:

Deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib

We save and close the file. Now let's import the keys

wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc

sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc

Update the list of package sources

sudo apt-get update

install webmin

sudo apt-get install webmin

Start Webmin

After successfully installing the package, open the browser and go to the address

https://server-ip-address:10000/

instead of " server-ip-address ” Enter either the IP address of the server or its name. If everything is done correctly, you will see an invitation to enter a username and password.

Enter your login and password to the server in the fields, after which you will be taken to the webmin main page

The first thing we will do is change the language to Russian. To do this, go to the menu item “ webmin” — “Change Language and Theme” and set the encoding Russian (RU.UTF-8)
After applying the changes, you need to refresh the page. Fine! Now you have a fully Russified webmin


Small overview of webmin

I will not describe all the menu items, look for yourself and you will find a lot of interesting things for yourself. I focus on the most important points.

The “Webmin” section contains tools for working with the webmin module itself. Setting up users, accesses, backups, etc.

The “System” section contains tools for working with the main functionality of the server. In this section, you can find logs, perform operations with users and groups, update software, manage active processes, work with job scheduling (Cron), and much more.

In the “Network” section, you can configure network interfaces, as well as configure a firewall

In the “Hardware” section, you can view the hardware connected to the server, as well as view local disk partitions.

I will not describe the “Cluster” section. Did not work with clusters.

Now you can set up webmin in ubuntu server and use it from anywhere in the world.

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